Intensity Of Oxidative Processes Research Articles

The influence of newly synthesized tellurium-containing cyanine dyes on the intensity of oxidative processes in the bodies of mammals

The purpose of this work was to study the influence of new synthesized organotellurium compounds (TOCs) on the intensity of oxidative processes in the body of mammals – in this case, the blood and liver of rats.The experiments were performed on white outbred rats, which were given a single dose of various TOC derivatives (0.01 g/kg). The next day, the animals were decapitated, blood was collected and the liver was isolated. The content of products of oxidative modification of lipids and proteins, as well as the low molecular weight antioxidant glutathione, was determined in blood plasma, erythrocytes and liver homogenate.It was found that all TOC derivatives studied significantly increase the intensity of lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes and hepatocytes, as evidenced by a multiple increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in them. At the same time, TOC suppresses the levels of oxidative damage to liver proteins, which is expressed in a significant decrease in the content of carbonyl groups. A study of glutathione content in the rat erythrocytes showed the absence of any significant effects of TOS on this antioxidant in erythrocytes.However, changes in its concentration were found in the liver, which depend on the nature of TOS (for TOS1 and TOS3 a decrease and for TOS2 a slight increase). Newly synthesized TOC demonstrate pronounced prooxidant properties, significantly increasing the intensity of oxidative processes in lipids, which makes them promising agents for antibacterial, antiviral and antitumor therapy.

Effect of individual packaging to preserve emulsion foods

The article presents the results of the analysis of the rate of mayonnaise resistance to oxidative poisoning, depending on the combination of polymer films used in doy-pack packaging, and its storage modes. The object of the study was mayonnaise with a mass fraction of fat of 67%. In the course of the studies, packaging with a combination of PET12/PE90 films was used; PET12/PE100; PET12/PE110; PET12/PE120; PET12/PE130; PET12/RE_VBS120; PETp12/PE120; RETFp12/RE_VBS120, including those with a "transparent window". The rate of oxidative poisoning was controlled using the indicator "Peroxide number", the values of which were determined by the standard method for 120 days of storage with a frequency of 15 days. Resistance to oxidative poisoning of mayonnaise was determined in the temperature range from +10 to +15°C; from +15 to +25°С and from +25 to +30°С. The results of the study showed that the resistance of mayonnaise to oxidative poisoning is directly dependent on the thickness of the packaging material - the smaller the thickness of the polyethylene, the higher the peroxide value. The combination of PET12/PE120 films used for packaging mayonnaise is able to ensure compliance with the regulated standards in terms of "Peroxide number" in all three studied temperature ranges with different durations: in the range from +25 to +30°C for 45 days, from +15 up to +25°С - for 60 days, and at a temperature from +10 to +15°С for 90 days. The use of high-barrier materials for packing mayonnaise makes it possible to reduce the intensity of the oxidative poisoning process by a factor of 2 or more and thereby increase its shelf life. The presence of a “transparent window” in the design of the packaging material does not significantly affect the intensity of oxidative processes and the shelf life of mayonnaise.

Dynamics of free radical processes in the oral fluid of patients with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis at the first stage of therapy

Chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (CRAS) is a disease of the oral mucosa, characterized by the appearance of specific round aphthous forms with hyperemic corolla, covered with grayish-yellow plaque against the background of inflamed mucous membrane, which violates the oxidative homeostasis of oral fluid and the body as a whole.The aim of our study was to reveal the dynamics of free radical processes in oral fluid of patients with chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis on the background of the first stage of antiseptic therapy with analgesics in order to determine the optimal treatment tactics for this condition. In order to achieve the set objective we had to solve the following tasks: to evaluate the functional activity of free radical processes in the oral liquid of patients with CPAS on the background of antiseptics (chlorhexidine, octenisept, furacilin, myramistine) and anaesthetic (Camistad gel) application for 7 days.Materials and Methods. During the study the oral fluid of 120 people diagnosed with CPPS was studied, divided into 4 groups equally: Group 1 – control, patients used the antiseptic chlorhexidine for gargling; Group 2 – patients with CPPS therapy with octenisept; Group 3 – patients with CPPS therapy with furacilin; Group 4 – patients with CPPS therapy with miramistine. For pain relief, patients in all groups used Kamistad gel. Analysis of free radical processes in oral fluid of patients was carried out before the study and on the 7th day of therapy by determining products of oxidative modification of biomolecules on the basis of quantitative evaluation of stained complex with thiobarbituric acid (TBA), maximal flash (MVHL) and area (PCL) of H2O2-induced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence using LT-01 chemiluminometer ("Horos" "Joint Venture Soviet-Swedish Company"). Concentration of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde was also determined to estimate enzymatic part of oxidative homeostasis.Results of the study. Results of the researches permit to conclude that at chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis enzymatic activity of an oral liquid changes. According to the presented data the initial values of concentration of TBK-RP, maximal flash of oral chemiluminescence, area of oral chemiluminescence and concentration of MDA and DC in the control group and three experimental groups reliably differ from the data received on the 7th day of the research. Significant decrease of the studied indexes of oral liquid testifies to the efficiency of the first stage of therapy of aphthous stomatitis by antiseptic preparations and decrease of intensity of oxidative processes in oral liquid. Of all the proposed antiseptics the best efficiency is demonstrated by octenisept, reliably worse are chlorhexidine and myramistine and the least effective in the therapy of CPAS is furacilin.Conclusions: treatment of CPAS with Octenisept in combination with Camistad gel is the most effective in restoration of the disturbed oxilite.

Effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Used in Diets with Extruded Flaxseed on the Antioxidant and Lipid Profile of the Blood and Tissues of Fattening Pigs.

Thyme has strong antioxidant properties and, therefore, can reduce the intensity of oxidative processes taking place in the body. The study aimed to assess whether the addition of thyme to diets for fattening pigs containing extruded flaxseeds, a source of n-3 PUFAs, which are particularly susceptible to oxidation, would have a positive effect on redox status and lipid metabolism. The experiment was conducted using 120 weaners (WBP × Neckar crosses) of about 30 kg BW, which were kept until the end of fattening (about 110 kg BW) and divided into three groups of 40 pigs. The control group received a diet with 4% extruded flaxseed. In groups T1 and T3, 1% or 3% of thyme was added to the basal diet. The introduction of 3% thyme resulted in a decrease in the total cholesterol level in the blood and the loin muscle. Moreover, an increase in SOD and CAT activity and a decrease in FRAP and LOOH was noted. Following supplementation with 3% thyme, the n-3 PUFA content and n-3/n-6 ratio increased, while the SFA content was significantly reduced. The results of the studies indicate that thyme has a positive effect on the redox status and lipid profile of the blood and muscles.

OXIDATIVE PROCESSES IN GRANULOSA CELLS OF COW OVARIAN FOLLICLES AT FOLLICULAR GROWTH

Article presents the research results on the respiratory activity and redox capacity of granulose layer cells of cow ovarian follicles under the physiological state of follicular growth. After the slaughter of the cows, the ovaries in physiological state of follicular growth were selected and the size of the follicles was evaluated. Cells of the granulosa layer were aspirated from small (< 4 mm), medium (4–7 mm) and large (> 7 mm) follicles and determined: intensity of oxygen absorption – polarographically, redox capacity – potentiometrically. K3[Fe(CN)6] was used as an extracellular electron acceptor. The share of oxygen consumed by aerobic glycolysis was determined by using sodium fluoride inhibitor, the NAD-dependent link of the mitochondrial electron transport chain - amytal, and the terminal (cytochrome oxidase) – sodium azide. The share of free-radical oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids in the realization of oxygen was detected by Na2EDTA.
 Granulosa cells from the ovary of follicular growth are characterized by respiratory activity and regenerative capacity, the intensity of which depends on the size of the follicles from which they are extracted. The highest values of the investigated indicators are characteristic of cells extracted from large follicles, lower – from small follicles, and the lowest values are from medium follicles. The high intensity of oxidative processes in granulosa from small follicles ensures the growth of oocytes, and from large follicles – maturation of the germ cell in the dominant follicle. At the same time, the increased intensity of oxygen consumption by the cells of small and dominant follicles is manifested against the background of limitations in electron acceptors in the extracellular environment.
 The use of inhibitors of ATP resynthesis of both glycolysis and individual links of the mitochondrial respiratory chain testify the activity of the indicated metabolic pathways in granulosa and the possibility of using alternative substrates to ensure the existence of cells. The main way of utilization of oxygen in the granulosa layer cells of small and large follicles is aerobic glycolysis, and from the medium there are alternative ways of supplying and using substrates. The largest flow of reducing equivalents into the extracellular space from the granulosa of a medium-sized follicle due to inhibition of glycolysis indicates that the source of the supply of reducing equivalents into the follicle cavity is glycolysis and this characterizes the dependence of the existence of cells on the indicated metabolic pathway.

THE LEVEL OF NONSPECIFIC IMMUNE COMPLEXES AND OXIDATIVE PROCESSES IN THE TISSUES OF BIVALVE MOLLUSKS-INVADERS OF THE GORKY RESERVOIR

The content of nonspecific immune complexes and the intensity of oxidative processes in the tissues of invasive bivalve molluscs Dreissena polymorpha , D. bugensis , and Corbicula fluminea of the Gorky Reservoir were studied. Comparative analysis revealed differences in the quantitative parameters of immune complexes and malondialdehyde between C. fluminea and Dreissenidae. The identified interspecies differences seem to be associated both with the distinctive features of the lifestyle and morphological and physiological parameters, and with the adaptive capabilities of the body associated with the efficiency of the immune and antioxidant systems.

Phytobiotics in pig feeding architecture for the organic animal husbandry development

The article presents an analysis of possibility for the use of additives based on vegetable raw materials in pig feeding architecture as an alternative to antibiotics. Until recently, feed antibiotics have been widely used as adaptogens and growth stimulants. Considering the numerous negative consequences, the feasibility of using phytobiotics as an alternative has been proven. The relevance of this scientific field is increasing due to development of organic animal husbandry and the Law on Organic Products adopted in Russia. Numerous research results confirm the important place of herbal supplements in the modern concept of animal feeding. Phytogenic feed components help to control and improve digestion process, contribute to formation of a balanced intestinal microflora, and improve general condition of gastrointestinal tract of farm animals. They are an extremely complex mixture of bioactive components and differ both in biological characteristics and production technology. Natural herbal supplements are used to enhance antioxidant protective mechanisms and reduce intensity of oxidative processes. The complex mechanism of their absorption in intestine minimizes impact of oxygen free radicals and positively affects the growth rate of animals. To reduce feeding and weaning stress in piglets, it is advisable to use adaptogens, for example, phytobiotics, which simultaneously stimulate growth and immune functions of body. The use of phytobiotics contributes to the greening of agricultural production and improving quality of life of the population. Thus, in a complex approach to the problem of piglets and sows productivity, diets with the use of phytobiotics are of great importance.

Chemiluminescence analysis of free radical processes in seminal plasma of men with pathospermia who have undergone COVID-19 infection

Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it seems relevant to study the clinical features and the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the reproductive system and male fertility.The study objective was to assess the intensity of oxidative processes in the seminal plasma of men with pathozoospermia after suffering a COVID-19 infection.Materials and methods. Spermogram parameters were assessed in accordance with the criteria of the 2010 WHO Guidelines, 5th edition, for the study and processing of human ejaculate two to three months after the patient received a negative polymerase chain reaction result of a nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 DNA. The intensity of free radical processes in seminal plasma was investigated by the method of chemiluminescence induced by ions of bivalent iron. Results. A decrease in sperm motility and an increase in the number of leukocytes were found in men with pathozoospermia who had undergone COVID-19 infection. There are lower levels of indicators such as ejaculate volume, total sperm concentration and the number of morphologically normal sperm forms. An increased ability to generate reactive oxygen species in seminal plasma was revealed in pathozoospermia and COVID-19.Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that SARS-CoV-2 affects the male reproductive system directly or indirectly and has a negative effect on male reproductive health, causing the activation of lipid peroxidation processes and spermatogenic insufficiency.

The intensity of oxidative processes and the activity of the antioxidant system in the leaves of woody plants growing in conditions of technogenic pollution

The intensity of oxidative processes and the activity of the antioxidant system in the leaves of woody plants growing in conditions of technogenic pollution

[Effect of ionizing radiation on microbiological safety and activity of antioxidant enzymes in minced meat].

A number of studies have shown the effectiveness of meat irradiation at doses of 2-6 kGy to extend its shelf life when stored in vacuum packaging. It is known that the radiation treatment of meat can lead to a decrease in the content of natural antioxidants. Furthermore, the intensity of oxidative processes is significantly higher in meat products with a high fat content (20% or more). At the same time, the optimal modes of minced meat irradiation, which make it possible to ensure safety for the population and to increase the shelf life, have not yet been established. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of various doses of ionizing radiation on the content of aerobic, facultative anaerobic microorganisms and radiolysis products, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in chilled minced meat during storage. Material and methods. The object of the study was minced meat, consisting of beef and pork (1 : 1) with 20% mass fraction of fat. The experimental samples were irradiated on an electron accelerator UELR-10-15-S-60-1 with an electron energy of 5-10 MeV at doses of 2, 2.5 and 3 kGy. The control sample of minced meat was not subjected to radiation treatment. Determination of the total count of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (QMAFAnM) (CFU/kg) in control and experimental samples was determined on days 0, 7, 15 and 22. Methods for evaluating antioxidant activity included spectrophotometric determining the content of active radiolysis products that react with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA-AP) according to the Brajet method, total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) and activity of antioxidant enzymes in minced meat: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Results. Radiation treatment of minced meat at a dose of 2.0 kGy provided a normalized level of QMAFAnM in chilled minced meat for 22 days. It has been established that the treatment of minced meat with ionizing radiation in doses of 2.0-3.0 kGy leads to a dose-dependent decrease in its TAOC and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx), as well as to an increase in TBA-AP content (р<0,05). Conclusion. The dose of ionizing radiation of 2.0 kGy helps to maintain the microbiological safety of minced meat for 22 days in terms of QMAFAnM with minimal changes in TAOC values, SOD, CAT and GPx activity and TBA-AP content.

Влияние аггравированной температуры на показатели окислительной порчи мясных консервов

The article presents experimental data on the study of the processes of oxidative spoilage of fat in sterilized canned meat when stored under temperature conditions of +37 °C. The intensity of oxidative processes is estimated indirectly by the accumulation of primary and secondary products of fat oxidation. The dynamics of such physical and chemical indicators as thiobarbituric acid, acid, peroxide numbers, active and titratable acidity is considered.

Metabolic regulation in mitochondria as a prospective way of body rejuvenation

Scientists around the world are looking for ways to achieve high-quality and active longevity. The complexity of these searches is associated with the lack of unified concept of aging mechanisms, the problem of extrapolating the results of studies of geroprotectors from model organisms to humans. Therefore, modern medicine can only slow down the aging process so far. Nevertheless, it has been proven that disturbances in the functioning of mitochondria are an important link in the pathogenesis of aging; therefore, regulation of their metabolism is a promising way of rejuvenating the body. A decrease in protein synthesis and a general decrease in the intensity of the oxidative enzymes action are interrelated. Energy production for the protein and DNA synthesis decreases with a decrease in the intensity of oxidative processes. Dysfunction of mitochondrial adaptive reactions also develops with age, which may be associated with the low efficiency of the NADH dehydrogenase complex – NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase, which catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADH to ubiquinone/coenzyme Q10, resulting in a decrease in electron transport and an increase of active oxygen forms. Coenzyme Q10 reducing plays a very important role in the aging process, as it is an antioxidant and, unlike other antioxidants, is produced in the body. An increase in mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as an increase in the rate and efficiency of mitochondrial metabolism (with a calorie restricted diet for example) helps to improve the energy supply of cells and prolong life.A drug based on xylitol Xylate can be a source of triglycerophosphate by metabolism through the pentose phosphate cycle and thereby reduce the amount of free fatty acids that can be oxidized into acetyl-CoA, increases the content of adenosine triphosphate acid and other adenine nucleotides in liver, and has a pronounced antiketogenic effect. It can reduce intoxication and improve microcirculation, which is especially important for high-quality and active longevity.Activation of mitochondrial metabolism is a promising direction in the aging prevention, since it allows balancing metabolic processes not only in cells, but also in body as a whole.

Influence of liposomal drug on the intensity of proteins oxide modification processes in subclinical mastitis of cows

The article contains the experimental studies of the liposomal drug based on plant raw materials ― hypericum (Hypericum perforatum L.) effect on the intensity of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP) in the blood and milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. Studies have shown that cows with signs of subclinical form of mastitis in the serum have an increase in the content of aldehyde-derived OMP370 and ketone-derived OMP430, respectively, 1.3 and 1.2 times relative to similar indicators in healthy animals. In the milk of sick cows, the content of derivatives OMP370 and OMP430 was1.99 and 2.29 times higher, respectively, than in animals of the control group. At the beginning of the study sick cows’ milk was recorded a significantly low value of the activity of the enzymatic link of antioxidant protection ― superoxide dismutase. At the same time, a 2.6-fold (P&lt;0.001) increase in the number of somatic cells was noted compared to their number in the milk of clinically healthy cows. Intracisternal injection of liposomal drug to cows caused a decrease in the intensity of oxidative processes. In the blood of sick cows the content of aldehyde derivatives OMP370 on the 9th day of the experiment was 23.1% (P&lt;0.05) less than before the drug, and in milk the content of OMP370 decreased by 61.8% (P&lt;0.01). Similar changes were observed with respect to the level of ketone derivatives. In particular, on the 9th day of the experiment, the content of OMP430 decreased by 11.7% (P&lt;0.05) compared with its value in the blood of sick animals before the introduction of the study drug, and in milk it decreased by 64.2% (P&lt;0.01). During the treatment on the 9th day of the experiment, the number of somatic cells in milk decreased by 41.8% (P&lt;0.01). In the course of treatment on the 3rd and 9th day there was a tendency to increase superoxide dismutase activity in the milk of sick cows compared with the beginning of the experiment. Thus, intracisternal injection of liposomal drug to cows with subclinical mastitis leads to a decrease in aldehyde and ketone derivatives of proteins oxidative modification in serum and milk. At the same time, an increase in the activity of the enzymatic link of antioxidant protection and a decrease in the number of somatic cells in the milk of cows were recorded.

Intensity of free-radical reactions in metastasizing cervical cancer.

e17508 Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the main causes of death among patients with gynecological tumors. As a rule, patients die from relapses and metastases which rates reach 30-45%. According to research data, treatment of patients with distant metastases is ineffective, and half of them die within 9.7 months, while the average survival is 15.9±0.26 months. The development of many pathological processes is considered to be associated with an increase in free-radical reactions leading to oxidative damage to various biomolecules. The purpose of the study was to analyze some characteristics of the free-radical oxidation and antioxidant defence in metastasizing CC. Methods: The study included 56 patients aged 29-73 years with stage IIB-IV CC after antitumor treatment. The main group – 27 patients who developed metastases within 4 months to 8 years after the CC diagnosis; controls – 29 patients with non-metastatic CC; donors – 19 healthy women aged 27-61 years. The accumulation of carbonyl derivatives in blood plasma proteins was detected in the reaction with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The induced oxidative modification of proteins was stimulated with Fenton's reagent. Free-radical processes was evaluated by the intensity of peroxide-induced luminol-dependent plasma chemiluminescence and the content of nitric oxide metabolites; the intensity of lipid peroxidation - by the content of malondialdehyde (MDA); the activity of catalase and ceruloplasmin was also studied. Results: CC progression was accompanied by increasing lipid peroxidation and spontaneous oxidation of blood plasma proteins. MDA levels in patients with metastases increased by 57.8% compared to donors and by 34.3% compared to patients without metastases (p &lt; 0.05). The concentration of 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrozones increased on average by 4 times compared to donors and by almost 2 times compared to patients without metastases. Patients with metastasizing CC demonstrated elevated levels of products of the interaction of nitric oxide and its derivatives with proteins and peptides - 3-nitrotyrosine and nitrosoglutathione, compared to both donors (by 31.4% and 55.3%) and patients in remission (by 38.1% and 34.5%). Chemiluminescence activity increased by 54.5% compared to donors (p &lt; 0.05) and by 93% (p &lt; 0.01) compared to controls. Catalase activity in the blood plasma of patients with metastases increased by 54.1% compared to donors, but was lower than the values in the control group (by 22.1%). Ceruloplasmin activity was increased only in patients without metastases (by 33%). Conclusions: The process of CC metastasis is accompanied by a greater intensity of oxidative processes of both proteins and lipids, as well as depletion of the adaptive capabilities of the body's antioxidant system.

Effect of Low Temperature on the Intensity of Oxidative Processes and the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Wheat Plants at Optimal and Excessive Zinc Concentrations in the Root Medium

The effects of low temperature (4°C) on the rate of lipid peroxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the roots and leaves of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were determined under laboratory conditions. The root medium contained the optimal (2 μM) zinc concentrations or high ones (1000 μM). It was found that, under optimal mineral nutrition, such cooling did not intensify the oxidative processes in the wheat leaves and temporarily increased them in the roots. This witnesses to the successful cold acclimation of the plants. At an excessive zinc concentration, the exposure to low temperature enhanced lipid peroxidation in both the roots and the leaves. This effect might be, to some extent, accounted for by rather weak activities of said antioxidant enzymes and incoordination of their functions in the chilled plants. In general, the revealed attenuation of the plant capacity to sustain the cellular redox balance under a joint impact of the applied stress-factors entails oxidative stress and stronger growth inhibition that, as a result, negatively affects the plants’ viability.

Seed productivity and reproduction features of Schisandra chinensis under conditions of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden

Data on seed productivity and peculiarities of reproduction of Schisandra chinensis under the conditions of introduction at the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) are discussed. The study was carried out in 2016–2018 on experimental fields and in the NBG laboratory using plants and seeds of Ukrainian selection S. chinensis ‘Sadovyi-1’. Sections were examined with the microscope Carl Zeiss STEMI 2000-S. Qualitative and quantitative composition of higher fatty acids has been identified by НР-6890 chromatograph. It was found that S. chinensis of local reproduction have a much lower percentage of the seeds without embryo (about 10 %) compared to those of natural origin (30–90 %). Because of long-term storage of S. chinensis seeds the biochemical transformations take place: the content of fats and proteins decreased from 37.5 to 28.0 %, and from 19.7 to 11.2 %, respectively, the acid number of oil increased from 2.42 to 5.70 mg KOH/g, and its iodine value decreased from 32.5 to 30.3 g І2 / 100 g after storage of seeds during ten months. Fatty oil of S. chinensis seeds has a high linoleic acid content, which reaches 80–81.1 % of the total content of fatty acids. The storage of seeds under different illumination and temperature conditions resulted in minor changes in the acid number of the oil and the quantitative content of fatty acids. The optimal storage conditions of seeds (without access to light and at the temperature of +4 °С) were determined. Such storage conditions reduce the intensity of oxidative processes in the seeds, ensuring the highest germination rate. The optimal ways of S. chinensis reproduction by seeds are the spring sowing of stratified seeds and autumn sowing of freshly reaped seeds, which gain natural stratification. Using these ways resulted in 65 % and 63 % of seeds germination, respectively.

Ефекти глутатіону на експресію АТФ-чутливих калієвих каналів, мітохондріальну пору і окисний стрес у серці старих щурів

The effects of a single injection of the reduced form of glutathione on the expression of the KCNJ8 and KCNJ11 genes encoding Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 subunits of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels and on Ca2+-induced nonspecific mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTP) opening in the heart of old rats were studied. Changes in biochemical parameters characterizing the intensity of oxidative processes in organelles at the action of glutathione were also studied. The expression levels of Kir6.1 і Kir6.2 subunits KATP channels were determined using reverse transcription and quantitative PCR. It was shown that after the administration of glutathione to old rats, the expression of KATP channel subunits significantly increased, namely for Kir6.1 9.3 times, for Kir6.2 2.6 times. The use of glutathione in older animals inhibited mPTP opening: reduced the amplitude of spontaneous and Ca2+-induced swelling of mitochondria. An important consequence of the action of glutathione during aging was a decrease in the rate of generation of superoxide (.О2-) and hydroxyl (.ОН) radicals, as well as the content of hydrogen peroxide respectively in 1.8, 2.5 and 3.2 times compared with these figures in older animals without treatment. Glutathione also reduced lipid peroxidation, particularly pools of diene conjugates (2.5-fold) and malonic dialdehyde (1.8-fold). Thus, glutathione significantly increases the expression of KCNJ8 and KCNJ11 genes encoding Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 subunits of KATP channels in the heart of rats, regulates MP, preventing its opening, and reduces oxidative stress, indicating its important role in myocardial protection.

Effects of potato peel extract on semen quality, sex hormones and immunity of rabbit bucks under intensive breeding system.

This study examined the utilisation of potato peels extract (PPE), derived from potato processing, as possible antioxidants for enhancing immunity and semen quality. Twenty-four V-Line rabbit bucks 10months old were randomly assigned into three homogenous treatments (n=8), PPE 25 and 50 groups orally administered two different concentrations (25 and 50mg PPE/kg body weight) every two days for four months; a control orally administered water only. Semen characteristics, serum hormones, serum immunoglobulin M and antioxidative status of seminal plasma were determined. The results reveal that treatment with both levels of PPE significantly improved sperm concentration and decreased the percentage of dead spermatozoa compared with that of the control. Seminal plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances significantly (p<.01) decreased with elevated levels of total antioxidant capacity, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase by PPE treatments. Serum immunoglobulin M concentration was significantly (p<.01) higher for the PPE treatments compared to the control. Our results suggest that the use of PPE could prevent the accumulation of oxidation products and may have beneficial impact on the sperm concentration. The extract lowered the percentage of dead spermatozoa by reducing the intensity of oxidation processes. Low dose of the PPE was more effective than high dose.

QUALITY OF DECONSERVED BULL SPERM AFTER ADDITION OF MICROELEMENTS CONNECTED TO N-DERIVATIVE PEG400 TO DILUENT

The aim of the work was to establish optimal regimes for sperm cryopreservation when using nano-complexes in environments. The effect of micronutrients (Сu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+) in the polymer- transporters on the survival and fertilization capacity of sperm bulls was investigated. To assess the validity of the complexes N-derivative PEG400, ejaculates were chosen with volume – from 2 to 5 ml, concentration - 0,7 - 1,2×109 cells/ml and sperm activity 7.0 - 8.0 points. Sperm diluted with lactose-yolk-glycerin diluent was divided into parts: control - without addition and experimental with the addition of N-derivative PEG400 (N-PEG400) with a content of 1 ml of solution: Zn2+ - 0,0319 mmol; Cu2+ - 0.0222 mmol; Mn2+ – 0.0359 mmol. In the test sperm samples were added 0.01 ml of solutions of microelements in the polymer composition in ml of diluted ejaculate. Sperm survival was determined in sperm survival samples, motility, respiratory activity, activity of enzymes-markers of sperm fertility - succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) and cytochrome oxidase (CHO).&#x0D; It was found that the optimal equilibration time of sperm in the presence of microelements in the diluent of N-derivatives of PEG400 is 2.5 hours. In this case, the activity of sperm in the presence of N-derivatives of PEG400 depends on the exposure of spermatozoa over nitrogen vapor and the ability of trace elements to affect metabolic processes in sperm. The highest values of the values of the dynamic parameters of sperm characterized deconserved sperm with the addition to the dilution medium of Zn2+ and Mn2+ N-derivatives of PEG400 and exposure to nitrogen vapors for 8-10 minutes. It was found that Zn2+ and Mn2+ N-derivatives of PEG400 that were added in the diluent after cooled for 8-10 min over nitrogen vapor are characterized by high spermatozoa survival. The results of enzymes-markers activity show that the use of spermatozoa containing PEG400 Zn2+ or Mn2+ N-derivatives after 8-10 min exposure to nitrogen vapor, will ensure fertilization of 65% or more heifers and cows after the first insemination. Studied dose (0.01 ml of 0.0222 mmol solution / ml of diluted semen) of Cu2+ N-PEG400 should not be used in the diluent, when freezing the ejaculate of bulls, as the intensity of oxidative processes was elevated, which was manifested by a decrease in physiological characteristics of germ cells.

Deficiencies in phytochromes A and B and cryptochrome 1 affect the resistance of the photosynthetic apparatus to high-intensity light in Solanum lycopersicum

The effects of high-intensity light (HIL) on the activity of photosystem II (PSII) and photosynthesis in wild-type (WT) and single (phyB2, phyB1, phyA and cry1), double (phyB1B2, phyAB2 and phyAB1) and triple (phyAB1B2 and cry1phyAB1) mutants of Solanum lycopersicum were studied. In addition, changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase and guaiacol peroxidase as well as the photosynthetic pigment and anthocyanin contents in the leaves of phyB2 and cry1phAB1 mutants under HIL were examined. When plants were irradiated with HIL (2 h), the PSII resistance of the cry1phyAB1 mutant was the lowest, while the resistance of WT and single mutants excluding cry1 was the highest. The effect of HIL on PSII activity in all double mutants and the phyAB1B2 mutant was intermediate between the effects on the WT and the cry1phyAB1 mutant. The intensity of oxidative processes in the cry1phyAB1 mutant was higher than that in WT and phyB2, but in cry1phyAB1, the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the anthocyanin content were lower. The low resistance of the cry1phyAB1 mutant to HIL may be due to the low antioxidant activity of key enzymes and the reduced pigment content, which are consistent with the reduced expression of CHS and sAPX genes in the cry1phyAB1 mutant.